Mineralogical characterization and thermodynamic modelling of scales formed in once through steam generators
نویسندگان
چکیده
Extraction of hydrocarbons from oil sand deposits relies on technologies designed to lower bitumen viscosity, either by thermal energy or combination and solvents. Thermal is commonly delivered steam. Once-through steam generators (OTSGs) are the most common class used generate boiler feed water (BFW) at high pressure temperature. Generated mobilize in situ reservoirs, then water-bitumen emulsion produced processed, separating a hydrocarbon product oil-free water, which subsequently will be reused after treatment. Some aqueous constituents remaining added during interaction with sands subsequent treatment contribute scale growth OTSG tubing. Accumulation OTSGs may lead tubing failure due overheating. In present work we focused inorganic scales – solid phases formed components dissolved BFW. We suite geochemical, mineralogical modelling techniques characterize model samples provided Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA) operators multiple sites Northeastern Alberta, Canada. identified composition minerals as Na-, Ca-, Mg-silicates relatively low SiO44- content (inosilicates). Our results allowed us constrain evolution pressure, temperature, pH, mineral phases, BFW it undergoes heating form boiler-blowdown water. Modelling consistent observed promising for future management formation processes.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Fuel
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['0016-2361', '1873-7153']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121990